New insights on countries’ objectives to increase access to higher education

Increasing access to higher education has been a priority for many countries over the past few decades. Higher enrollment rates are linked to multiple positive outcomes, including economic growth, innovation, social mobility, and greater civic engagement. As governments recognize the vital role of higher education, many are implementing strategies to increase student enrolment, such as reducing tuition fees, offering scholarships and expanding physical and digital infrastructure. However, balancing increased access with maintaining quality and ensuring equity remains a critical challenge. 

Global trends in national goals for increasing access  

Based on data from the HE Policy Observatory, the Policy Insight reveals that 81% of the countries that adopted a national plan for higher education have included the objective of increasing access in the plan. Regional differences are notable. Nearly all countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Central and Eastern Europe aim to expand access, while this objective is included in the plans of only 50% to 60% of countries in the Arab States and Central Asia. Additionally, the Insight shows that countries with lower gross enrollment rates are more likely to prioritize increasing access in their national plans, reflecting the need to provide greater educational opportunities to their populations and build a more skilled workforce to drive socio-economic development.

Implications for policymakers and future research 

Broadening access to higher education is a priority for many countries, but incorporating this goal into national plans is only the first step. It must be part of a broader strategy that maintains educational quality, addresses labor market needs and reduces inequalities. Comprehensive approaches should thus focus on overcoming barriers such as financial constraints or limited infrastructure while guiding students toward relevant study levels, fields, and sectors to avoid mismatches with labor market demands and potential overqualification. Strategic planning is essential to address these challenges. Additionally, cross-sector collaboration is crucial, and international partnerships can be highly beneficial in overcoming funding challenges and ensuring that access is both inclusive and sustainable. 

Dive into UNESCO IESALC’s Policy Insight 18 to gain a deeper understanding of countries’ objectives to broaden access to higher education globally: